Chernihiv eparchial archive (1900-1915)

At the beginning of the 20th century. a museum operated in Chernihiv, The collection of which numbered about five thousand exhibits and consisted exclusively of objects of Orthodox church cult. It was a specialized museum and scientific institution, The main purpose of which was the concentration of church antiquities for their scientific research and preventing possible spoilage and loss of monuments of church art and use on the ground. In this unique, The history of the Diocese of Chernihiv - one of the oldest Orthodox departments in the territory of Ukraine - was a precious for science and a valuable collection..

History of the foundation of the museum, stages of collection formation and people, Thanks to which the collection was created and explored and dedicated to a museum meeting, Conducted 2 March 2023 року у Чернігівському історичному музеї ім. В.В.Тарновського.

Chernihiv Diocesan Ancient Store became the fifth specialized church museum after the Kiev Church-Archeological Society (1872 р.), Volyn (1893 р.), Podilsky (1903 р.) and Poltava (1906 р.). Three loud scandals were pushed before the creation of the Church Museum in the Chernihiv Museum in Chernihiv, Archaeological congresses, Scientific community and intercession of the heir of the Metropolitan of Gideon Svyatopolk-Chetvertinsky. In response to the pressure of the scientific community (Volodymyr Antonovych, Mykola Petrov) To prevent the destruction of monuments of church antiquity Spiritual Consistory 19 June 1900 Dr.. Decides on the establishment of the Chernihiv Diocesan Ancient Store and requires all the charity and rector of the monasteries to put into order the monastery and parisheskaya sacrifices and send information about antiquities in the consistor. But the implementation of this formal order again faced the reluctance of church authorities and priests on the ground to help the case and stretched for several years.

4 May 1906 Dr.. The Chernihiv Theological Consistory appealed to the Board of the Chernihiv Theological Seminary with a proposal to lead the work on the creation of a diocesan museum . The consent to the head of the future museum was given by the teacher of the seminary Vladimir Drozdov. It is in. Drozdov we have to fully thank the gathering, studying and preserving the collection in difficult conditions of offensive of Bolshevik atheism.

Financing of Chernihiv Diocesan Ancient Store (further - ЧЕД) carried out at the expense of the diocese, donations and membership fees (1 крб. per year). A church-archeological commission was created for the management of the museum's activities, that consisted of representatives from the clergy, Elected by the Diocesan Congress. The charter clearly outlined groups of monuments, which was planned to concentrate in the museum, and possible ways of their receipt. Temporarily museum collection was to be placed in the corridors of the Chernihiv Theological Seminary “In specially equipped showcases, cabinets and frames behind glass ”, but existed there until 1913 Dr..

Do 1907 Dr.. at the general diocesan congress of the clergy, funds were allocated for the construction of a new museum 200 ruble and more 150 for planned scientific expeditions . Влітку 1907 Dr.. Three scientific excursions were carried out by Vladimir Drozdov and Konstantin Karpinsky. Do 1908 Dr.. In. Drozdov organized the first catalog of the Chernihiv diocesan archival repository, which consisted of five sections. Prior to the opening of the XIV Archaeological Congress in Chernihiv, the first issue of the College of Chernihiv Diocesan Ancient Store was dedicated, And in the premises of the real school there is an exhibition, on which it is presented 873 Exhibits from the Collection Collection.

On 1913 Dr.. The diocesan -tier was located in the newly built diocesan house (Now the premises of the Philharmonic Center). In the same year, the position of the keeper was introduced (Konstantin Sambursky) And the guard. The diocesan leadership gave the museum an opportunity to use electricity free, heating and rooms for the keeper. Specifically for the placement of exhibits has been made 12 Showcase, 5 cabinet, 1 a glass showcase in the form of a pyramid, The icons and images of Chernihiv bishops decorated the walls of the diocesan house and the hall of meetings. The museum was open to visitors, The number of which exceeded 1000 persons per year.

Do 1914 Dr.. The chairman of the church-archeological commission Mikhail Dobroaev developed a new charter, According to which it turned into a church-archeological society. In addition, There have also been structural changes: The county archaeological committees were created in the church charity districts of the diocese. At committees it was planned to create church-archeological museums, which was planned to be placed in county fraternal houses. According to the Decree of the diocesan congress of clergy from 29 November 1914 р., the so -called was introduced “General archeological duty”, that was the mandatory monetary contributions to the museum's needs from all diocese churches.

Do 1915 Dr.. Diocesan Diocesan Ancient Highway was actually closed. The Diocesan House housed a hospital for wounded. The museum's collection was packed in boxes and prepared for evacuation. Do 1917 Dr.. The Museum Assembly was temporarily transported to the Bishops 'Bishops' City of the Trinity-Linsk Monastery, But as a result of placing a orphanage here with 1921 Dr.. The exposition was folded again. Do 1922 Dr.. The exhibits were transported to the Gorhinsky House (The modern premises of the Chernihiv Regional Dental Polyclinic), in which the so-called 5th Soviet Museum began to operate soon (Музей культів). Його завідувач В. Дроздов розібрав і описав пам’ятки, впорядкував каталог. Unfortunately, з’ясувалось, що кількість експонатів у порівнянні з 1915 Dr.. зменшилася майже в 5 разів. Currently, part of the Collection Collection has been partially stored in the funds of the Chernihiv Regional Historical Museum named after. VV. Tarnovsky.

Senior Research Fellow,

candidate of historical sciences Olga Heyda