West, In the valley of the r. Дягова, Lies with. Stepanivka. Recently, his inhabitant handed over to the VV Chernihiv Regional Historical Museum. Tarnovsky is an interesting seal. turned, that it is a hinged seal of the late XI - early XII century. It has the wrong shape of a circle, розміром 21 х 19 мм, Diameter on a dot rim 20 мм, thickness 1 мм, Channel for the cord in the center, vertical. On one side we see a busty image of a saint with a beard and big eyes, A cross is visible near the right shoulder, And above the left shoulder - the letter "H" (?); around the head is a nimbus, On the other hand - an inscription in three lines “dB / N ° SLO / At (Perhaps the last “ѡ”). The height of the letters of the first line 5 мм, second and third - 4 мм, In addition to letter C - 3 мм. Draws attention to the original drawing of letters "D" (Horizontal dash above), "H" (in the form of Latin “N”, hair) and solid sign “b”, that looks like “b”. The last letter in this version is found on Irina's seal, The wife of Svyatopolk Izyaslavich (№ 78, Yanian, 1970); Volyn prince Yaroslav Izyaslavich (№ 85, Yanian, 1970; О. Alfyorov, 2012, Specifies - Svyatopolkovich, with. 24); Volyn prince Mstislav Svyatopolkovich (O. Alfyorov, 2011. С. 3).
Similar seals appeared in Russia for the reign in Kiev Svyatopolk Izyaslavich (1093–1113). There is now information about 35 specimens in 23 variants (We need to understand, that these numbers are conditional because thanks to metal detectors, this row is constantly updated). D. Likhachev believed, that they were used for secret correspondence, translating the inscription as “the word on the bottom, The word inside, the secret word ”. In. Yanian gave such interpretation: “The word inside, Expand and read ”. View special literature showed, that this is an unknown kind of seal with the inscription “Dnyslovo (Yanin VL. Act seals of Ancient Rus'. X - XV centuries. Т. And. To burn x - the beginning of XIII in. Moscow, 1970. С. 75–86; Yanin V.L., Gaidukov P.G.. Act seals of Ancient Rus'. X - XV centuries. Т. ІІІ. Stamps, registered in 1970-1996. Moscow, 1998. С. 40, 123–124; Kpranis A.a. Beloozer's print // East European Archaeological Journal. 2000. № 2 (3), March -April; O. Alfyorov. Baptism name of Volyn prince Mstislav Svyatopolkovich (1097–1099) According to Russian sphragistics // Genealogical notes. Lviv, 2011. Vip. Them. С. 1–4; O. Alfyorov. Molibodovas of the princes of Kiev of the second half of the XI - end of XII century // Sphragistic yearbook. Vip. 2. К., 2012. С. 22– 25; A Thousand Years of Ukrainian seal. Catalogue / Emphasis. Y. Savchuk. К., 2013. С. 46; The seals of the Kiev Metropolitan of XI -XIVT. Catalog/ emphasis. O. Alfyorov. To. 2021. С. 109–111 ).
The question is who belonged to the Stepanivska seal. Unfortunately missing identifying letters (In addition to “n”) On the side of the bust of the saint. Remains a shaky field for assumptions based on known iconographic analogues. Припускаємо, that on the seal of the image of John the Baptist because it is similar to the seal from the Belozer, What a. Kupranis associated with Svyatopolk Izyaslavich's son, Volyn Prince Yaroslav Svyatopolchich or with the son of Vladimir Monomakh Yaropolk, that reigned in Smolensk, Pereyaslav, Києві (1104–1139) And he had, можливо, In the baptism of John's name (Yanin V.L., Gaidukov P.G.. С. 41). In addition to, this, О. Alfyorov drew attention to the group of seals of Svyatopolk family Izyaslavich, For which the letter "B" is inherent (O. Alfyorov, 2012. С. 24). By the amount of facts (iconography, палеографія) We assume, that the Stepanivska seal belonged to a member of this family with a saying, That it can be a seal from a subgroup of private princely seals or it is a sphragis of Kiev Metropolitan John III or Metropolitan Office. The latter headed the department in 1089–1091 (or 1090) рр. (Alfyorov, 2012. С. 25, 23. The famous seal of the Metropolitan of Kyiv in the 1090s. with the appropriate inscription with the letter “B”. If that so you can assume, that seals with the inscription “Dnyslovo” appeared a little earlier than considered).
Старший науковий співробітник музею,
кандидат історичних наук Ігор Ситий
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