Uniform nobility of Chernigov province

Igor Fed - Candidate of Historical Sciences, старший науковий співробітник

Чернігівського історичного музею імені В.В. Tarnovsky

Uniform nobility of Chernigov province

A genuine era of Ukrainian history was the second half of the XVIII century. Board Catherine towards Ukraine was, is known, period of intensive destruction of identity Ukrainian public life and adapting it to the standards-wide. These important political, social and economic reforms, as the abolition Hetman (1764 р.), destruction of Zaporizhzhya Sich (1775 р.), creating Viceroyalty (1781 р.), enslavement peasantry (1783 р.), ennoblement Cossack (1785 р.) others could not be reflected in society. In a short time not only changed the face of official Hetman, but mostly its internal life.

Especially Catherine reforms affected the lives Cossack. It is supplied with its environment shots for the reformed civil and military administration, new vessels, various kinds of rural institutions. Thus Cossackofficers, which gradually turned into a Little Russian nobility, came in a close relationship with the Russian official community (nobility, officials) and in their external manifestations quickly assimilated with it. Trace these processes allow documents and monuments of and, particular, однострої.

An important part of tsarist policy of assimilation was the ruler of the nobility create lists according to the decree of the Senate 18 January 1762 Dr..¹ According to § 85 "Charter s nobility" of 21 April 1785 Dr.. The trial of noble origin Noble engaged in gathering province or province, that is nobles created pursuant to § 37: "Our loyal nobles favor WE permission to gather in that province, where they have residence, and be aristocratic society in every viceroyalty "². In case of positive decision request gentleman seemed newly created charter, sealed Noble Assembly.

With Andriy Poletika correspondence with his brother Grigory Andreyevich known history of Chernigov noble seal assembly. In a letter of Chernihiv (?) July 1784 Dr.. (?) he wrote: "Noble Assembly Printing invented by us and already by Jews and for vyrhzana 125 rubles, with a picture on it poseredinh gubernskago chernhgovskago Emblem, and about his vshh emblems uhzdnih to writing about everything: PRINT DVORYANSKAGO SOBRANІYA ChERNhGOVSKOY GUBERNІI:»³. Apparently, image and inscription seals determined the local gentry.

The sign of belonging to the privileged class was appropriate uniform. Basic requirements to it by imperial decree and orders of local authorities in October 1782 Dr.. Here we see the same approach, as to seal: offers local gentry and taking into account the views of higher power ("Approbation"). The idea of ​​cutting ("Building") and provides uniform color photography posters XVIII century.⁴ (colors. including. 9.)

Tangent to our topic is uniform description and picture archives Poletyka, which is also stored in the Chernihiv Historical Museum named VV. Tarnovsky. They introduced us to dress officer of the XVIII century. Visual comparison proves, that civil and military uniforms almost identical, and different parts except finish.

The same collection includes interesting documents. They show, that the sample was uniform civil officer, detailing the process of creating the province and the role of local nobility in it, allow to conclude no hard pressure on the central government, and flexible line of conduct in relations Center - Province. In view of this we believe appropriate to publish them. Moreover, that modern historical literature, there has been a steady tendency to reassess the role of the nobility in the historical process⁵.

1. Letter Andrew Miloradovich⁶ Andrew Poletika⁷ [1780-s.]

Sir Andrei

GCAP marshal nobility example major Ivan A. Gorlenko, when his otezdh in St. Petersburg, imhya prhporuchenny me his provincial uniform, with the approbation of His Excellency Count Peter Alexandrovich Rumiantseva Zadunajsky, for his return to Chernihiv announced a report, he was lord of Gorlenko poslhdovavshey same testing that mundirh and those with him members of Her Imperial Majesty presented to be awarded. What are your excellency uvhdomlyayu so favored a decent way to know the dates of the nobility in uhzdh and Nadezhda located on the boards in prisudstvuet at positions of zdelanii and used in the same sock takovago. Why the tsvhtu cloth coat, coat and pants, and on the collar and cuffs of his coat in velvet should be and how we cover herewith attached description; with that though primhchaniem, not to the nobility of his uniform podobnago not eat; and are in prisudstvennyh mhstah in post office ministers can tsvhtu the same and so is the cut of the uniform wear thereof,; but to differences in coat collars and cuffs do not velvet, and with the same as to coat cloth dhlany were nepremhnno. Staying in protchaya with true zeal and reverence.

Your Excellency my master obedient servant Andrew Miloradovich.

Description of building gubernskago uniform in 1782, the year on October 16 th day:

1. on caftan, camisole and pants cloth tsvhtom, and on the cuffs and collar of velvet attached in this samples.
2. We caftan knocked tsvhtu, that the cloth, silk cloth or stamedu.
3. In his coat cuffs razrhznye on obshlagh on dvh, and behind him on the third rukavh kamzolnye small buttons fastening.
4. On both sides on kaftanh's breasts on each polh gnhzdami on dvh Kaftan, and four gnhzdah on Eighth buttons.
5. Pockets at ordinary coat and under the flap on three caftans pugovits each polh as usual three, and on the bodice one.
6. On kamzolh and pants in plain mhsth kamzolnye small buttons.
7. Buttons Zsolt does not offer large varieties of, and koi pomenyatsya, like caftans and identity kamzolnye such flat, as uniforms phhotnyh afitserov.

Andrej miloradovic⁸

2. Letter Catherine. 1782 Dr..

Prince Alexander Alekshevich! I'm wanting to you in my name wrote to vshm governors general and the position of the ruling, that both my vhdoma assigned to each of them for their provinces vvhrennoy same tsvhty for the dress, and then allowed to wear such dresses tsvhtov not only in office but also located around the nobility of the province of both sexes in order, that they are in the same wage per se imht arrival and in the capitals of vsh mhsta public and to the court; uvhrena I have these things permission thm priyatnhe vshm pokoliku will serve it to zberezheniyu sobstvennago their wealth and nailutshee poleznhyshee and disgust ruinous luxury.

On podlhnnom tacos signed by his own hand of Her Imperial Majesty tacos Catherine.

In Sanktphterburgh

October 23 day 1782 year.

Her Imperial Majesty deigned to specify all royally masters declare obergofmeysterinh, shtatsъdamam, the maid of honor and protchaya court of Her Majesty, that on them no platyah linings from different laskutkov zdhlannyh shirh or two inches were not. Her Majesty anything vprotchem will when it is so like the other ladies whom the visit to the court of Her Majesty permitted watching bolhe simplicity and umhrenost in obrazh their clothes will not use such things only one whom the news gives all tshnu; equally and not to wear hats golovh Swish two inches from the forehead razumhya.

On October 24, 1782 year⁹.

3. Picture officer uniform [1790-s.]

On paper size 158 х 124 mm painted watercolor green uniform with white collar (side view) (color. including. 9). Beneath the inscription brown ink: "Poly to be unfastened these things drawn in Error, in that the poly steeps[kah] in protchaya Pokras (or cut - IS) exactly suchlike green lining [kamzol] and spodnitsa bhlava cloth (арк. 1), and on the valves should be serebrinaya stripes koii of puzamentami floors Well Well hooks must be fastened but omitted (арк. 1called.)»¹⁰. Possible by the annotation to the picture - Basil Poletyka, as indicated by the storage location of Interest among his papers and details of biography¹¹.

By Timothy attribution Pischanenka, Department chief custodian of fabrics and costume history of the State Historical Museum (м. Moscow), This - the uniform of an officer of the 1st or 2nd squadron of the 3rd Division, Naval Fleet 1796-1801 years: white collar, introduced in 1796 р., and special drawing stripes on the sleeves - gold-silver in the 3rd Division, with tassels in the 1st and 2nd Squadron; in 1801 Dr.. cut drastically altered.

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¹ Chernigov Provincial Gazette. – 1890. – 19 Apr. - WITH. 4.

² Diploma Granted Russian nobility of Empress Catherine II. - Chisinau, 1885; "The letter of nobility sostoyashayas 1785 Year Aprile 21 d. ". The manuscript XVIII century. //Chernihiv Regional Historical Museum of VV. Tarnovsky (then standing:). - Inv. # 574.

³ Things of. - Inv. No. A-502/6/11, арк. 2зв. Original, No 3 pp., create the place and date set by contextual and other letters. Published: A. Lazarev. Private correspondence Gregory A. Poletika (1750-1784 g) //Киевская старина. – 1895. - T. XLVIII. - WITH. 356, № 117; Details see seals noble assembly.: Fed and. Stamps noble assembly Left Bank and Sloboda Ukraine. Product // Treasury Ukrainian culture: Collection. наук. papers. – Вип. 12. – Чернігів, 2010. - WITH. 30–37.

⁴ Things of. - Inv. No. A-504/89.

⁵ Div.: Litvinov T.F. "Landlord truth". The nobility Left Bank Ukraine and the peasant question at the end of XVIII - the first half of the nineteenth century (ideological aspect). - Dnipropetrovsk, 2011. – 732 with.

⁶ miloradovic S.A. (1727–1796) - Lieutenant-General, Chernihiv province governor, Chernihiv buried in Elets Monastery.

⁷ Poletika A.A. - leader of the nobility of Chernigov province in the years 1785-1798.

⁸ Things of. - Inv. No. 502/26/2, арк. 1–2. A copy of the XVIII century.

⁹ Things of. - Inv. No. 502/26/2, арк. 2зв. A copy of the XVIII century.

¹⁰ Things of. - Inv. No. 502/38/39. Original. Wrapped in white paper with the inscription: "Papers of sluzhbo you. Grig. Polotiki. 1785–1839».

¹¹ Poletika VG. (1765–1845) - Captain Württemberg Service, with 4.12.1786 Dr.. - Lieutenant in the Marine battalion, officer Sea Cadet Corps; with 1.01.1789 Dr.. - captain; Sophia transferred to the Army infantry regiment; 1790 Dr.. - retired with the rank of Major; 1802-1812 years. - Marshall County Romen nobility Poltava province, 1808 Dr.. - court counselor, 1807 Dr.. - Trustee "Romny management of charitable institutions", історик.

"Treasury Ukrainian culture". - Issue 14. - with. 78–80.